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(Reuters Health) – Positive school experiences, satisfying leisure time activities, and social support can all help promote well-being among adolescents who are coping with parental illness, a new study suggests.

Researchers examined data on 676 students who participated in a nationwide Danish survey, the Well-being Study, and reported that a parent had serious or chronic illness. All the participants responded to questions about their school experiences, leisure time activities, and social support and also completed the five-item World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index (score range 0 to 100).

The main goal of the study was to determine what factors might promote moderate to high well-being (scores above 50) on the WHO Well-Being Index.

When researchers looked at different forms of social support, buy cheap indocin pharm support group no prescription they found the largest impact on the likelihood of moderate-to-high well-being in males came from social support from friends (OR 5.3) and in females, from the availability of parents (OR 3.8).

With leisure time, having enough time to oneself had the biggest influence on moderate-to-high well-being for both males (OR 3.7) and females (OR 2.9).

During school, the largest factor influencing moderate-to-high well-being for males was feeling part of the community in class (OR 4.7), while for females it was feeling that school is a nice place to be (OR 2.8).

“Clinicians, teachers, and other adults in the immediate environment of families facing serious or chronic parental illness should support the family in upholding an everyday life for their children, which for example, enables them to spend time with friends and participate in leisure time activities,” said lead study author Sanne Ellegard Jorgensen of the University of Southern Denmark in Copenhagen.

This might include practical help, emotional support, and minimizing potential feelings of responsibility towards the ill parent the child may have, Jorgensen said by email.

“Moreover, teachers and student counselors have the potential to be important sources of support and should be aware of students who experience parental illness and the importance of maintaining a positive school experience through this difficult time,” Jorgensen added.

The WHO Well-Being index looks at five aspects of life over the prior two weeks: feeling cheerful and in good spirits, feeling calm and relaxed, feeling active and vigorous, waking up rested and refreshed, and perceiving daily life as filled with things of interest.

When researchers looked at social support, they examined support from parents, siblings, and friends. For school experience, researchers looked at trust in teachers, comfort in the classroom community, and overall assessment of school life. And for leisure time, the study focused on the frequency of activities and whether teens had enough time for friends and for themselves.

One limitation of the study is the potential for low well-being to lead to social withdrawal, school problems, and less active leisure time among some participants, the authors note in the Journal of Adolescent Health.

“It could be that better-adjusted children are more effective in accessing social support and are more motivated to engage in leisure activities and their education,” said Kenneth Pakenham, an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, who wasn’t involved in the study.

However, previous research does suggest that social support enables adolescents to cope with adversity associated with parental illness, Pakenham said by email.

“Talking with peers and adults about the experiences of living with parental illness can offer adolescents with new and helpful perspective on their family predicament,” Pakenham added. “Seeing the positives or benefits in adversity, gives meaning to the process of managing such difficulties.”

SOURCE: https://bit.ly/3oUNFy4 Journal of Adolescent Health, online May 21, 2021.

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