Smegma is a whitish substance that may be present on the genitalia. It is caused by the shedding of skin cells and it is harmless, although it may become problematic if it is allowed to build up. (1, 2, 9) Smegma in males: where does it occur? Smegma occurs on the head of the penis, also known as the penis […]
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Bronchitis occurs when there is swelling of the lining of the large airways called bronchi within the lungs. This swelling due to inflammation, irritation and infection leads to more mucus formation than normal. This blocks the airflow through the lungs and may damage the lung eventually. There are two basic types of bronchitis:- Acute bronchitis – this lasts for 2 […]
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Dental bridges are a suitable restorative dentistry procedure for many patients but not the only option available. To determine the appropriate use of dental bridges for each unique situation, it is prudent to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure. A dental bridge typically consists of two crowns placed on abutment teeth or implants on either side of a […]
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Obesity is a major public health problem. It is directly associated with several health conditions including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, gallbladder disease and fatty liver disease as well as some cancers. Nearly 1 billion individuals worldwide are overweight or obese and the numbers are on the rise. Aims of obesity management Management of obesity and overweight revolves around some […]
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Hypersomnia, also known as hypersomnolence, refers to a condition of excessive sleepiness, which inhibits the ability of an individual to participate in everyday activities as normal. The symptoms most commonly present during adolescence or early adulthood, although an individual can develop symptoms of hypersomnia at any age. Symptoms The defining symptom of hypersomnia is excessive sleepiness during the day, which […]
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Fungal nail infections, or onychomycosis, are commonly seen among the elderly and those with certain chronic health conditions. This includes those with Diabetes, psoriasis, peripheral vascular disease and those with suppressed immunity like with AIDS and cancers. (1-4) Fungal nail infection and diabetes This is the single most common cause of increased risk of fungal nail infections. Fungal nail infections […]
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Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart disease and is manifested as chest pain that may or may not be brought about by physical exertion or by emotional stress. Diagnosis of this condition and early management is vital in order to prevent the underlying disease process from progressing into a heart attack or stroke. Angina is basically caused by […]
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Laryngeal cancer is an uncommon type of cancer that affects the tissues of the voicebox. The majority of laryngeal cancers originate in the squamous cells – flat, thin cells in the epithelium that forms the innermost lining of the larynx. Most laryngeal cancers are glottic and first involve the vocal cords. Cancers that develop above the glottis are termed supraglottic […]
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Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) occurs when there is a backward flow of urine from the bladder to the ureters. It may be primary or secondary and is mostly seen in the pediatric population. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the age of the child and may include failure to thrive, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, vague abdominal pain and fever. Diagnosis is […]
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Both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are important in suppressing tumors and repairing damaged DNA. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes give rise to a predisposition to cancer which is referred to as Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. While more than 500 different mutations can occur in the BRCA1 gene on chromosome 17 and raise a woman's […]
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