Ménière's disease is a disorder that affects the inner part of the ear. It leads to symptoms of: Dizziness tinnitus or ringing in the ears nausea vomiting jerky movements of the eyes loss of hearing Patients often also complain of a feeling of pressure in their ears. The disease manifests itself in attacks that may appear suddenly and without warning. […]
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Circadian rhythms are biological cycles within organisms that allow them to adjust their physiology and behavior to anticipate and adapt to changes in the outside environment. Circadian rhythms are maintained with the help of circadian clocks, the main circadian clock in mammals is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Neuroanatomy of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) The SCN is located in the anterior […]
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Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) is a bacterium that can cause serious invasive diseases, particularly in children. Hib usually affects children under the age of five years, but it can also cause illness in adults with certain medical conditions. Before the introduction of routine Hib immunization, Hib was the most common cause of meningitis in children under the age of […]
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Dupuytren’s contracture is a progressive condition that impacts the fingers and the hands, causing at least one finger, and possibly several, to bend toward the palm of the hand. Essentially, connective tissue in the palm of the hand becomes thicker. Also known as Dupuytren's disease, the condition can affect both hands, including the thumbs. It is not life-threatening, although it […]
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Tokophobia is a condition in which a woman has an excessive and unreasonable fear of harm or death as a result of pregnancy and childbirth, which leads to her avoiding or even terminating a pregnancy. Tokophobia may be classed as either primary or secondary. Primary tokophobia In this condition, the woman dreads childbirth before she becomes pregnant. Primary tokophobia is […]
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It is quite common to encounter a splinter in the skin. While superficially embedded splinters are easy to pick out, this may not be the case with large or deep splinters. Most splinters are made of wood, glass, plastic or metal. Wooden splinters are likely to react and cause infection or granuloma formation, as is any vegetative material. However, imaging […]
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A pyogenic granuloma is an abnormal vascular growth, with an inflammatory component, which arises mostly over the skin of the head, arms, or neck. It may also occur at various spots inside the oral cavity. It is painless and its main importance lies in the fact that it may give rise to sudden bleeding with quite insignificant trauma to the […]
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Long-acting reversible contraception is used by many women who do not wish to have children for several years. Of the many methods available, two of the most widely used are the intrauterine device (IUD) and the intrauterine system (IUS). The intrauterine system The IUS is a slender T-shaped device with flexible arms that contains progestogen. This hormone is the synthetic […]
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Birthmarks are marks present on the skin from birth. They are mainly of two types: vascular and pigmented. Birthmark baby: Image Credit: Baby foto / Shutterstock Vascular Birthmarks These result from abnormalities in the formation of blood vessels, which form clumps under the skin or in deeper layers of the body. They are usually various shades of red or pink […]
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Bone cancer may be of two basic types: Primary bone cancer – cancer that begins in the bone Secondary bone cancer – cancer that begins elsewhere in the body (for example lungs, breast, liver etc.) that has spread to the bone Primary bone cancer is a rare form of cancer – about 500 cases are diagnosed in the UK each […]
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