The treatment of plantar fasciitis depends on the particular characteristics of the presenting case, including the duration and severity of symptoms and the likely causes of the symptoms. In most cases, plantar fasciitis is a self-limiting condition that improves without the need for surgical intervention. The healing process can, however, be improved with adequate rest and other management techniques to […]
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Five classes of antibody Antibodies or immunoglobulins come in a variety of forms. Based on differences in the amino acid sequences at the constant region of the heavy chains they are further classified into five classes. These are: IgG – containing gamma heavy chain IgM – containing mu heavy chain IgA – containing alpha heavy chain IgD – containing delta […]
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A clinical trial of a drug is conducted in order to test whether it is viable for use in humans, based mainly on its effectiveness and safety profile. Drug development involves many stages and one of the most important is the phase 1 trial. Prior to this, the drug has to be studied extensively in animal models. Once the agent […]
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Bladder cancer is initiated when the cells of the bladder lining begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. This tumor then continues to grow, entering the muscle and the bloodstream, eventually metastasizing to other organs in the body. In addition to the risks associated with the cancer itself, it has also been shown that bladder cancer dramatically increases the risk […]
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When Wilms tumor is suspected based on presenting symptoms of the patient, a surgical biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. This involves a tissue sample of the tumor, which is sent away to pathologist who evaluates the histology of the cells and checks for signs of cancer. Based of the diagnostic results from these tests, people with Wilms tumor […]
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Eosinophilia is classified as primary or secondary, in addition to the hypereosinophilic syndromes. Primary Eosinophilia Primary eosinophilia is a rise in the peripheral eosinophil count without any underlying condition to account for it. It is subclassified into clonal and idiopathic types. Clonal primary eosinophilia is the type of eosinophilia that is due to proliferation of a clone of eosinophils in […]
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Opioids are most commonly used for pain relief and while some of the adverse effects seen with initial therapy are short term, some may last for longer durations, especially when therapy is continued over longer periods. Some of the adverse effects of opioid use include: Nausea and vomiting: The use of opioids stimulates opioid receptors present in the gastrointestinal tract […]
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Third molars are commonly referred to as wisdom teeth. However, there is no correlation between an individual’s wisdom and the eruption of wisdom teeth. Traditionally, they are called wisdom teeth because they usually erupt in individuals over 17 years of age. Also, it is not essential that all wisdom teeth erupt in all adults. Some people may have unerupted wisdom […]
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Managing cow’s milk allergies in babies may pose some challenges. Infants usually rely on milk for sustenance, and when allergic symptoms develop, it may be difficult for parents and caregivers to support the child’s dietary requirements. Fortunately, with the advent of new medical research and technology, numerous cow’s milk alternatives are already available in the market. Leg of sleeping child […]
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Most people with cystinuria experience recurrent episodes of kidney stones, usually more than one per year. This can lead to a number of effects that have a noticeable impact on their quality of life and affect the appropriate management of the condition. While the overall prognosis of cystinuria is positive, there are several complications of the condition that can have […]
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