Neurosarcoidosis is a form of sarcoidosis that involves the central nervous system. Sarcoidosis refers to the formation of growths made up of immune cells and in 5% to 15% of cases, these growths or granulomas occur in the brain and spinal cord. Neurosarcoidosis usually occurs as a result of sarcoidosis that already involves other parts of the body and only about […]
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Leptin and ghrelin are two key peptide hormones which regulate energy metabolism via appetite modulation. They also play a vital role in regulating body mass in response to sleep duration as well. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone, but increasing the appetite is not the only function it has. Instead, this hormone has many metabolic and anabolic effects in various parts […]
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The term neurogenesis is made up of the words “neuro” meaning “relating to nerves” and “genesis” meaning the formation of something. The term therefore refers to the growth and development of neurons. This process is most active while a baby is developing in the womb and is responsible for the production of the brain’s neurons. The development of new neurons […]
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In most cases diarrhea in children recovers completely in a week with little or no treatment. However, there is still a high risk of death due to diarrhea especially among children less than 5 years of age. This is mainly because of the danger of losing too much fluid and electrolytes if diarrhea occurs rapidly. This is called dehydration and […]
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Acute inflammation of the structures of the pharynx and tonsils, also known as tonsillopharyngitis, represents a common condition that is usually encountered in outpatients seeking healthcare interventions. Sore throat and fever are the dominant symptoms of this condition which usually follows a benign course that resolves without any antimicrobial treatment. Although most episodes of pharyngitis (or tonsillopharyngitis, which are interchangeable […]
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The primary goal in treating tendonitis (inflammation of the tendons) is to reduce pain and enable return of the activity. Relative rest of the affected area, stretching, ice and analgesics have been shown as an effective approach to his problem. Surgery is necessary only in severe and protracted cases. Conventional treatments Conservative treatments are often used successfully to fight acute […]
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Disparities in the quality and availability of healthcare across different population groups is a major problem in many developing and developed nations, including the United States. Several measures have been taken to try and eliminate these disparities, which impact on various minority groups including ethnic minorities, the elderly, immigrants, and people with disability, amongst others. A report by The Commonwealth […]
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An ophthalmologist is a medical physician who has undertaken a specialization in the structure, function and health of the eye. This training allows them to perform complex microsurgery in the treatment of eye diseases. The essential steps involved in the education and training required to become an ophthalmologist are outlined below. Although there are some differences depending on the country […]
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Intermittent or middle-of-the-night (MOTN) insomnia afflicts 10-40% of adults in the US population. It is characterized by nocturnal awakenings with difficulty in returning to sleep afterwards. Patients report a variety of causes for these awakenings, but objectively, 90% of clinically significant awakenings are preceded by an episode of altered breathing which fits the criteria for obstructive sleep apnea, or upper […]
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Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the mouth, and causes a red and swollen appearance of the mouth, with pain, or as discrete ulcers. Naeblys | Shutterstock Rarely, no ulcers develop, and only a burning sensation inside the mouth occurs. Stomatitis can involve any part of the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, throat, lips and roof or floor. Aphthous ulcers […]
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