Hysterectomy or surgical removal of the womb is a common operation carried out to treat conditions of the female reproductive system. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries or other surrounding structures, as well as the womb. Hysterectomy is a major procedure that is associated with both risk and benefits. The procedure can […]
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A competent radiologist must be trained in the specialized medical field of radiology, involving the use of imaging to diagnose and treat disease in the body. It is important to a radiologist to have a thorough knowledge of various imaging techniques, including: Z-ray radiography Ultrasound Computed tomography (CT) Nuclear medicine Positron Emission tomography (PET) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) The teaching […]
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Fanconi anemia is associated with bone marrow dysfunction, which may range from mild depression of the bone marrow through to severe suppression causing aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bone marrow failure In Fanconi anemia, key components of the blood (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) fail to be produced and the body’s ability […]
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Macular degeneration, also sometimes referred to as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a health condition that involves central loss of vision as a result of damage to the retina of the eye. There are several other symptoms of the condition, which will be detailed in this article. General Symptoms The initial symptoms of macular degeneration typically involve blurring of vision […]
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Rickets is a disease characterized by bone deformities, enlargement of the wrists and costochondral junctions, decreased muscle tone and, in infants, craniotabes and delayed closure of the fontanelle. Predominantly caused by severe vitamin D deficiency, rickets can also be associated with serious symptoms such as hypocalcemic seizures and cardiac failure. The main objective of any therapeutical approach is to correct […]
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Allergies are over-reactions of the immune system in certain individuals to seemingly and generally harmless foreign proteins and substances. When do allergies occur? Allergies usually do not occur at the first exposure. When a person is exposed to an allergen for the first time, the body develops molecules called antibodies against the invading proteins. This is called an immune response. […]
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There are two main types of pain, known as nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Each of these has particular characteristics that define the type of pain and the ideal way in which it should be managed. This article consists of an overview of both of nociceptive and neuropathic pain, followed by the distinct differences in their cause and management. Nociceptive Pain […]
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease of the immune system. It affects multiple joints in the upper and well as the lower limbs. Knees are one of the common joints affected by RA. RA can occur at any age and can affect both knees. Pathology When RA affects the knee joint the synovium that lines the ends of the […]
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While lack of physical activity and increased intake of energy rich foods have been named as primary causes of obesity and overweight, there are other factors including hormonal and genetic influences that raise the risk of obesity. Scientists have studied the important environmental and lifestyle causes of obesity as well as the genes that could increase the risk of obesity. […]
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There is now an abundance of health information online for people to access whenever they need. As a result of this, a large number of adults regularly use the internet to diagnose their urgent and non-urgent ailments, with the majority also trusting the information they find to successfully diagnose themselves. For some, healthcare can be very expensive. Spending on healthcare […]
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