Toothache refers to pain in and around the teeth and jaws and is one of the most common symptoms of dental caries or tooth decay. Toothache may also be a symptom of gingivitis, periodontitis, impacted wisdom teeth, ulcers, sinusitis or dental abscesses. Characteristics of toothache Toothache may range in severity between mild, severe and excruciating pain. The onset of pain […]
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Primary or idiopathic hypersomnia is usually a chronic condition that does not resolve spontaneously, involving excessive sleepiness during the day the day that is not relieved by naps. Many patients find that adequate treatment for the condition helps to reduce symptoms of excessive sleepiness during the day and improve their overall quality of life. The optimal treatment of hypersomnia depends […]
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Phlebotomy is the drawing of blood, a phlebotomist is someone with special training to do. However, in many countries other healthcare professionals are also capable of drawing blood (e.g. doctors, nurses, laboratory and emergency medical technicians). The aim of the phlebotomist is to obtain blood samples and this is most commonly done via the venous system through venipuncture, which is […]
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The term myocarditis describes inflammatory disorders of the heart muscle caused by different infectious and non-infectious factors. The pathogenesis of this condition is complex and includes direct viral myocardial damage, as well as autoimmune reactions against specific cardiac epitopes. Clinical presentation of myocarditis is highly variable and ranges from an asymptomatic disease to fulminant heart failure and sudden cardiac death. […]
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Upon diagnosis of thyroid cancer, a treatment plan should commence immediately to regain control of cellular growth and prevent cancer from spreading. The specific treatment for each individual suffering from thyroid cancer usually depends on the type of thyroid cancer and the stage of cancer. Papillary and follicular carcinomas usually have a relatively good prognosis and are treated in a […]
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Healthcare disparities between different racial and ethnic groups have been known to exist for a long time. Three of the main areas that contribute to these disparities are described below. Socioeconomic status Certain racial groups tend to live in poorer neighbourhoods and are more likely to have less access to good nutrition, healthcare services, clean water and a good level […]
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For people with anorexia nervosa, the road to recovery can be long and challenging, particularly if they feel like they need to face the condition on their own. Instead, it is important that they have a strong support network that encourages them to continue making small steps towards recovery and a healthy body weight. Friends and Family Firstly, friends and […]
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As with any other major surgical procedures, hysterectomy is associated with certain risks and side effects. Mortality within 40 days of surgery is estimated to range somewhere between 1 and 6 for each thousand hysterectomies performed due to benign causes. The risk is significantly increased among women who have cancer, fibroids or are pregnant. Women need to stay in hospital […]
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People have investigated brain stimulation since very early times, in ancient Rome torpedo fish were applied to the heads of some patients to relieve headaches, for instance, by their electrical currents. In 1802, Aldini of Italy applied electrical current to the exposed cortex of the human brain and attempted also to treat melancholia with a voltaic pile. Human brain connected […]
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Throughout pregnancy, rises in the levels of estrogen and progesterone cause changes in many parts of a woman’s body, including changes that affect the voice. Examples of changes that affect the voice include the following: Postural changes Swollen vocal cords Altered range of voice Increased likelihood of acid reflux More fragile blood vessels in the vocal cords Reduced lung capacity […]
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