Huntington’s disease is caused by a mutation that occurs in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene, which is located on chromosome 4. The mutation exists as an expansion mutation of the trinucelotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG). The length of this CAG expansion determines the severity and onset of the disease. Generally, the number of CAG repeats accounts for 60% of the variation in how […]
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Low blood sugar is referred to as hypoglycaemia. It is the most common and most dangerous condition for many people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This occurs when the blood glucose drops below the normal level. Levels of blood glucose below 70 mg/dl are considered below normal according to the American Diabetes Association. This level, however, may […]
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Neurooncology is a branch of medicine that concerns cancers of the brain and spinal cord. Cancers of the nervous system are often severe conditions that eventually become life threatening. Some examples of these life threatening neurological cancers include astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, pontine glioma, ependymoma and brain stem tumors. Of the malignant brain cancers, high-grade astrocytoma and gliomas of the brain […]
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Lichen planus (LP) is a benign non-infectious skin condition which causes an itchy rash to appear on the skin or inside the mouth. The cause is not well understood yet, but it may relate to allergy or to immune reaction. It is present in 2% of people all over the world. Certain medicines such as gold, arsenic, iodides, and chloroquine, […]
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger’s disorder were considered to be two distinct psychiatric conditions. Asperger’s disorder, like other conditions in the autism spectrum, is characterized by significant lack of social interaction, communication, and limited behavior patterns, with seriously restricted interests and activities. However, it is now considered to be the same condition as autism, albeit on a much […]
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Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, depending on the genetic pattern. The complications are similar in many respects, but the time of onset, the severity and the associated risks are different. The complications of autosomal dominant PKD include: Renal complications Most patients with AKPKD complain of pain at some point, and it is often the […]
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Cancers are often considered incurable. With advances in diagnostic methods that allow early diagnosis and detection of cancer and advances in therapeutic modalities there are innumerable patients living fruitful lives with cancer. People who have been successful in keeping their cancer away with treatment are said to be in remission. However, even after successful therapy and years of remission there […]
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The placenta is a disc shaped organ that has a very rich blood supply that provides nutrition to the unborn baby within the mother’s womb. It weighs around 600 grams when fully formed and is around 2 to 4 cm thick. Parts of the placenta There are two sides and two parts of the placenta:- The maternal or mother’s side […]
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Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common types of skin cancer, affecting over 1 million Americans each year and accounting for 75% of all skin cancers. This type of cancer has a 95% cure rate, but may become life threatening if left untreated. Symptoms and characteristics of basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma is most commonly seen in […]
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The Rh blood group is considered to be one of the more complex types of blood groups in humans and it is secondary to the ABO blood group in transfusion medicine. It was discovered 60 years ago and named after the Rhesus monkey. The polymorphic genes that encode the antigens in the Rh blood group are at a higher level, […]
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