Tourette syndrome is a neurological condition affecting the brain and nervous system. It is typically characterized by involuntary movements and noises known of as tics. The disease was named after a French physician called Georges Gilles de la Tourette who first described the condition in the 19th century. In most people who develop the condition, the symptoms begin during childhood […]
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The signs and symptoms of spina bifida vary and depend on the type and location of the spinal opening that is characteristic of the condition. There are three main groups of symptoms: affected movement ability, urinary and bowel continence, and hydrocephalus. Mobility and Paralysis The central nervous system plays a vital role in the ability to control muscular movements, with […]
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Intravesical botox is a procedure that involves an injection of Botulinum Type-A toxin into the muscles of the bladder wall. The toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum binds to the nerves endings and inhibits the muscular contractions, helping to treat over-activity of the bladder muscles. Patients with overactive bladder syndrome that have symptoms of urge incontinence and frequent urination are most […]
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The nuclear imaging process enables a dataset of one or more images to be obtained. In a multi-image data set, a time sequence often referred to as a dynamic data set is represented by an array of images that are generated as a radiopharmaceutical agent passes through targeted areas of the body and emits radiation. The data set may also […]
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Gender dysphoria is a mental condition but is not a mental disorder. However, it may be accompanied with severe impairment of social, occupational and other functioning. There may also be accompanying psychiatric conditions like anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts. In these cases treatment and therapy may be needed. Multidisciplinary treatment Treatment is a multidisciplinary approach. The team includes a mental […]
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A frenulum is a small fold of connective tissue that helps to secure the motion of a bodily organ, such as the fold of skin under the tongue, under the upper lip or connecting the foreskin of the penis. The frenulum of the foreskin is also known as the banjo string, and tearing of this tissue can result in painful […]
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Plasmapheresis is a term derived from Greek language used to describe different forms of extracorporeal plasma separation. Blood consists of four major components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Plasma represents the fluid portion of the blood, carrying proteins and other important substances throughout the body. Since plasmapheresis can be used to separate blood cells from the […]
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A cardiac arrest is a sudden failure of the heart to pump blood around the circulatory system to the vital organs. This is a serious medical emergency. For every minute that a person is in cardiac arrest before a defibrillator is available, the chances of survival are reduced by about 10%. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation along with defibrillation of the heart can […]
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Cancers of the appendix are an extremely rare and deadly disease found in the abdominal region. The first section of the large intestine or colon is the appendix, which is a pouch-like tube attached to the cecum. The average length of the appendix is 10 centimeters (about 4 inches). It is considered to be a part of the alimentary canal. […]
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Parasitic infections caused by protozoan parasites and intestinal helminths are among the most prevalent human infections in developing countries. In developed countries, however, protozoan parasites are more frequent causes of gastrointestinal infections than helminths. Intestinal parasites (which are principally small intestine pathogens, though the large intestine may also be involved) are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. […]
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