Phase 3 clinical trials follow phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. In a phase 1 clinical trial, the tolerability and safety of the new drug is studied, usually in a small number of healthy volunteers. Phase 2 is aimed at determining the drug's efficacy and optimal dosing regimen. After phase 2, the drug is entered into the next phase of […]
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Hepatitis A is a viral infection of the liver that is transmitted via the “feco-oral route.” This means the infection is acquired when a person consumes water or food that has been contaminated with feces containing hepatitis A. It is mainly transmitted in areas where poor hygiene, inadequate sanitation and contaminated water are a problem. Examples of steps that can […]
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According to American psychologist Theodore Millon who researched personality disorders, there are five variations of narcissism and these are described below. The unprincipled narcissist who tends to be fraudulent, deceptive and exploitative. The compensatory narcissist who exhibits avoidant behaviors and passive aggressive features. The amorous narcissist who is exhibitionist and erotic. The fanatic narcissist who suffers from paranoia and low […]
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There is currently no cure for interstitial cystitis and the aim of treatment is to relieve symptoms, with varying degrees of success depending on the individual patient. Diet and Lifestyle Simple changes to diet and lifestyle activities can lead to a significant improvement in symptoms for many patients with interstitial cystitis. It is often beneficial to keep a food and […]
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Chromosome 1 is the largest of the 23 chromosomes, containing a greater number of nucleotides at its 85 loci than all other chromosomes. There are an estimated 4220 genes on chromosome 1, as discovered during the Human Genome Project around twenty years ago. The short arm (p) of chromosome 1 The genes present on the short arm of chromosome 1 […]
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One of the most characteristic features of panic disorder is a history of frequent panic attacks and anxiety associated with fear of a future attack. However, not all individuals who experience panic attacks develop panic disorder. Diagnosis To assess whether or not an individual has panic disorder, a doctor may consider the following: The nature of the panic attack. The […]
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Sciatica is the occurrence of pain in the thigh, leg and buttock, due to pinching of the sciatic nerve. This large nerve is formed from a number of smaller nerves, which leave the spinal cord between neighboring spinal vertebrae. Once they join, the sciatic nerve passes into the buttock, and then into the back of the thigh and the leg. […]
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The cells of the nervous system are of a specific type and form over the course of an organism’s life. The neurons form and form connections from the time when the organism is an embryo or fetus. The appropriate neurons develop in appropriate numbers and migrate to their necessary locations before birth. The axons and dendrites that form the connections […]
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Influenza is caused by three types of RNA viruses called influenza types A, B and C (considered different genera), which all belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae. The disease, colloquially called "flu" in humans, is generally caused by the viruses A and B, which are transmitted by aerosols from infected individuals or via close contact with infected animals. Subtypes of influenza […]
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Growing in a “leaf-like” pattern, from which they acquired their name, phyllodes tumors (PTs) are fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. They may occur at any age, but occur primarily in women between 40 to 60 years old and are extremely rare in men. They make up less than 1% of all breast tumors, and may be benign or malignant in […]
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