The antioxidant networks in the body are complex and are composed of several components. These may be endogenous factors such as Glutathione, thiols, haem proteins, Coenzymes Q, bilirubin and urates. These may also be endogenous enzymes like GSH reductase, GSH transferase, GSH peroxidises, Superoxide dismutase and Catalases. Dietary factors Some nutritional and dietary factors also function as antioxidant metabolites or […]
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Bariatric surgery is a procedure performed on obese individuals in order to help them achieve rapid weight loss. The risks associated with bariatric surgery fall into two main categories: those related to restricted food intake and rapid weight loss and those associated with the surgical procedure itself. Accordingly, side effects can be categorized as: Immediate post-operative complications Infection of the […]
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Psychogenic pain not an official diagnostic term, but is used to describe pain that may be attributed to psychological factors. These factors may include certain beliefs, fears, memories or emotions that lead to the initiation or worsening of pain. In the past, the term was often used to describe pain without a clear diagnosis or cause. It is in part […]
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The prevention of thrombosis should be actively sought in individuals that are at a high risk of the condition but is generally not required by all populations. People with a higher risk of thrombosis are likely to benefit from preventative methods that may be effective. Determining Risk of Thrombosis Although anyone can be affected by thrombosis, some populations are at […]
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Verrucas (verrucae) or plantar warts affect the pressure areas of the feet. These affect most individuals at some points in their lifetime. Most commonly affected are those between ages 12 and 16. In most individuals the warts go away without therapy within 2 years. One thirds of cases are more resistant to therapy and may have persistent lesions beyond two […]
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Choking, also called foreign body airway obstruction, happens when a foreign body lodges in one’s throat, obstructing the air passage into the lungs. It is a life-threatening condition because it cuts off the oxygen supply to the brain. Choking is the leading cause of injury and death among children, particularly those younger than 4 years of age. The most common […]
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On presenting with symptoms of brain cancer a battery of tests are advised to reach a diagnosis. Initial diagnosis methods The attempt to reach a diagnosis begins with a thorough physical examination. The doctor may also enquire about your history and your relevant family history of brain tumors or cancers. They may also send you for routine blood tests. A […]
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Paraplegia can contribute to a number of medical complications due to the loss of feeling or function in the lower extremities. Overview Complications resulting from paraplegia may include: Pressure sores (decubitus) Thrombosis Depression Bladder and bowel incontinence Impotence Circulation disorders Autonomic dysreflexia Loss of muscle tone Pain Pneumonia and other respiratory complications Urinary Tract and Bowels Bladder control is impaired […]
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Dendritic cells are important innate immune cells that play a key role in shaping the body’s immune response. They mainly arise in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood to reach the sites where they are required. Dendritic cells are able to induce an initial immune response in inactive or resting T lymphocytes. To do this, the dendritic cells […]
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Nephrotic syndrome is a set of symptoms characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. There are also several other symptoms that are reported by patients that result from these primary changes in the blood and urine. The main symptoms of the syndrome will be covered in more detail below. Proteinuria Proteinuria refers to the presence of protein in the urine. […]
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