Doctors have an arsenal of diagnostic tests and tools they can access to confirm the presence of Atherosclerosis – these include an angiogram (Arteriogram), cholesterol tests, a chest x-ray, a CT (computed tomography) scan, Duplex scanning, an echocardiogram, an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), an exercise stress test (cardiac stress test), an intravascular ultrasound, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan, a […]
Continue reading »
Estradiol is the predominant estrogen throughout a female’s reproductive years, having a significant impact on reproductive function and various parts of the body. The changes that occur around puberty are driven by estradiol. These changes are promoted by enhanced estradiol during the reproductive age and then become less pronounced after the menopause, as estradiol levels decline. The main functions of […]
Continue reading »
Paraplegia is a medical condition involving impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities, which is a classification of paralysis, the universal term to describe the loss of movement or sensation following damage to a nerve in the body. Cause Paraplegia is predominantly the result of a spinal cord injury due to an accident or other trauma. Most […]
Continue reading »
The symptoms of Kennedy’s Disease (KD), or spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, are greatly varied due to the broad effects of motor neurons in the body. It is common for the clinical signs and symptoms to be asymmetric with one side of the body more affected than the other. Symptoms typically present in adulthood between the age of 20 and […]
Continue reading »
The triple screen is a blood screening test that is done in the second trimester of pregnancy to provide a risk estimate for the occurrence of Down syndrome in the fetus. It consists of three tests, the results of which are combined with the maternal age to derive the risk: MS-AFP (maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Unconjugated estriol […]
Continue reading »
The HER2 gene codes for a receptor on the surface of some cancer cells, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. These cancer cells may contain more than the usual two copies of the HER2 gene which can lead to overproduction of the receptors that are displayed on the cell's surface. Excess presence of these receptors leads to a more aggressive […]
Continue reading »
Hypoglycemia or a below normal blood sugar level is a common complication of diabetes. The condition can also arise due to prolonged starvation, certain hormonal disorders such as hypopituitarism and hypoinsulinism or inborn errors of metabolism such as maple syrup urine disease. Among individuals with diabetes, the risk for hypoglycemia is increased in cases of missed or poorly timed meals, […]
Continue reading »
AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome and is the final stage of the infection caused by the virus called HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The virus causes severe damage to the immune system. A retrovirus, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was identified in 1983 as the pathogen responsible for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is characterized by changes […]
Continue reading »
The treatment for patients with spondylolisthesis depends on the severity of the condition and the extent of movement of the vertebra. Most individuals are able to significantly improve the symptoms of the condition with physical therapy to strengthen the muscles of the lower back. However, some patients may require pharmaceutical pain relief and surgical procedures to manage the symptoms of […]
Continue reading »
Since there are numerous types of cancer affecting several organs, treatment also differs. Some of the treatment modalities like surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy with anticancer drugs are common for nearly all types of cancers. Some of the types of therapy for cancers include: Surgery Surgery is used for initial diagnosis of cancer as well. Sometimes a solid lump or tumor […]
Continue reading »