A 24-hour urine collection test is a laboratory test to measure the content of certain substances in the urine, which can be used as a diagnostic indicator of the function of the kidneys. The test involves the collection of all urine in several containers over a complete 24-hour period. It is important that the urine samples are kept in a […]
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The human host is perpetually struggling with the need to tolerate and harbor beneficial microorganisms, while at the same time being able to recognize and eliminate similar microorganisms that are pathogenic. Such sophisticated and intricate system is thought to be shaped in early life via exposure to several key microorganisms. Thorough research in recent decades has established that the microorganisms […]
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Most children and teenagers experience headaches. In fact, up to as many as 80% of them may complain about having at least one headache in a month. While preadolescent boys outnumber girls in terms of those affected, girls surpass boys at the onset of puberty. Headaches in children are mostly benign in nature and may be of several different types. […]
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Blue nevi are a category of melanocytic tumors, which arise from the proliferation of dermal dendritic melanocytes to form an acquired pigmented mole. They are also called pigmented nevi, nevomelanocytic nevi of acquired origin, or melanocytic nevi. These are typically innocuous tumors. The melanocytes are deep in the skin, unless with the brown or black moles. Dermoscopy shows an unchanging […]
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Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges, the three thin layers that cover the brain and protect it against rapid exposure to outside agents, become inflamed. In most cases, meningitis is either bacterial or viral. Credit: Tatiana Shepeleva/Shutterstock.com Meningitis can be infectious or non-infectious, and affect both healthy and sick individuals. While environmental factors such as traveling to places […]
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A tremor is an involuntary rhythmic movement of a part of the body. There are different types of tremor some of which are discussed in this article. Normal (physiological) tremor When a limb is stretched out against gravity or is bearing a heavy load, a tremor normally develops. This can be demonstrated by putting a light piece of paper on […]
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Cushing’s syndrome is considered to be a rare disorder that results from prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids. However, there are few epidemiological studies to provide adequate data to describe the incidence and prevalence of the condition accurately. Most cases are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50, although any individual may be affected at any age. The presentation of the […]
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Because humans live with dogs and cats everywhere in the world, toxocariasis, an infection by dog and cat roundworms, is widespread globally. Children are vulnerable to infection by roundworm eggs in the soil, and serious illness can develop as the larval roundworms infect the organs and tissues of the body. A study of toxocariasis prevalence in North America showed that […]
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Kombucha is a slightly fizzy and sour, fermented drink made using sweet tea and a culture called ‘symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts’ (SCOBY). In order to make kombucha, the tea and sugar are boiled together and cooled down before adding the culture (SCOBY). SCOBY can be taken from an existing batch of kombucha or can be purchased online. This […]
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In contrast to the normal anatomical origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery from the left and right ventricle, respectively, infants with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) have both great vessels predominantly originating from the right ventricle. While the specific cause of DORV is yet to be identified, this pathological condition is usually associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD), […]
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