Traditional medical practice often applies the same treatments to all patients with the same disease, regardless of genetics and other contributing factors. However, this has many limitations as there are copious factors which contribute to disease, all which affect the effectiveness and safety of drugs. Personalized medicine is an emerging form of treatment which aims to improve the specificity and […]
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Pulmonary resection is the first line of treatment of stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is also important as part of the management of stage IIIA. In early stages of NSCLC, the surgery focuses on diagnosis, staging and resection of the entire tumor. Pneumonectomy and lobectomy carry a mortality rate in hospital of up to 4% […]
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Vaginoplasty is a major surgical procedure used to narrow the vagina for which there are various medical indications. It may be performed to reverse the normal slight laxity that occurs to a varying extent in women who have given birth vaginally, as well as in older women. It is also used to correct congenital defects of the vagina, and acquired […]
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Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that is characteristically found in the human urogenital tract. It is responsible for the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted infection around the world. A plethora of techniques may be employed in the detection of this condition, ranging from just clinical diagnosis to specific laboratory-based testing. Trichomonas vaginalis infected pap smear test. Clinical diagnosis is […]
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Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a very rare pregnancy-associated autoimmune skin disease that is characterized by an itchy rash that progresses to form blisters. Initially, the rash appears around the navel before spreading to other parts of the body including the back, trunk, arms, and buttocks. Areas such as the face, scalp, palms, soles and mucous membranes are very rarely affected. […]
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The career of a pharmacy assistant has no formal entry requirements and can offer individuals a fulfilling workplace to assist in improving public health. These professionals have a varied role in helping various aspects of the running of a pharmacy, working as a member of a team to provide the optimal care to patients through the provision of medications and […]
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Tonsils are tiny organs located at the back of our throat. They are part of the lymphatic system and play a key role in our overall health. Tonsils were earlier thought to have no function and were considered an obsolete part of the human body. When they get infected, they are usually removed by surgery. Contrary to this perception, tonsils […]
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A blood type is classified by the presence or absence of antibodies and certain antigens on the surface of the red blood cells (RBCs). There are four distinct blood types; A, B, AB and O. Transfusion with the wrong blood type can lead to life-threatening consequences, and therefore, tests to determine the blood type is extremely important before a blood […]
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Although domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are among the most abundant of household pets, the prevalence of clinically relevant allergic diseases caused by dogs is lower than that for cats. Still, sensitivity to dog allergens can be a major cause of allergic symptoms (and even severe manifestations such as asthma) in susceptible individuals, and it is thought that up to 20% […]
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Endometrial scratching is a technique used to improve the ability of an embryo to implant in the uterus after in-vitro fertilization. It involves superficially wounding the lining of the womb, in order to improve the receptivity of the uterus to the embryo. Why is Endometrial Scratching Used? In 2005, the number of cycles of assisted reproductive techniques in the USA, […]
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