Karl Fischer titration is the most widely used technique to determine the water content in a sample. It is used in the analysiz of foods, pharmaceuticals and many chemicals, among others. Image Credit: Rattiya Thongdumhyu / Shutterstock Karl Fischer titration is based upon the original Bunsen reaction: which was later modified to the final equation: The reaction titrates the volume […]
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Cancers of the appendix are an extremely rare and deadly disease found in the abdominal region. The first section of the large intestine or colon is the appendix, which is a pouch-like tube attached to the cecum. The average length of the appendix is 10 centimeters (about 4 inches). It is considered to be a part of the alimentary canal. […]
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There are many possible causes of foot pain. Some of the most common causes, from foot injuries to arthritis, are described in this article. Injuries An injury to the foot is one of the most common causes of foot pain. X-ray showing fracture of proximal phalange at first toe There are several types of foot injuries that may cause pain, […]
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Traditional biopsies can be difficult to obtain but have been the predominant way to diagnose and understand cancer. Liquid biopsies are faster for doctors and easier for patients because they take blood samples rather than tissue samples. Image Credit: https://www.healio.com/hematology-oncology/learn-genomics/introduction-to-liquid-biopsies/what-is-a-liquid-biopsy History and analytes A biopsy is a sample of cells. In traditional biopsies, this is typically a sample of cells […]
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Galactoceles, also known as lactocoeles, are benign breast lesions commonly seen in young lactating women. They mostly occur after the cessation of lactation, when milk may be retained, becoming ‘stagnant’ and causing blockage of the ducts. The term ‘galactococele’ is derived from the Greek words ‘galatea’ and ‘coele’ meaning ‘milky white’ and ‘pouch’, respectively. Galactocoeles have a predilection to form […]
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NOTICE: This Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) is intended for persons living in Australia. CRYSANAL® contains the active ingredient naproxen sodium Consumer Medicine Information What is in this leaflet This leaflet answers some common questions about CRYSANAL tablets. It does not contain all the available information. It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist. All medicines […]
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Adrenaline (epinephrine) auto injectors are an approved emergency treatment for anaphylaxis. Credit: Alexey Smolyanyy/Shutterstock.com Anaphylaxis is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction. It can happen within seconds to minutes of exposure to an allergen, like an insect sting, medications, and food. When the immune system mistakenly identifies a substance as harmful, it releases certain chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. In […]
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Postnatal depression following childbirth is a well-recognized and studied condition. However, not so many people know that adoptive parents may also develop postnatal depression. This is the name given to depression with onset following a successful adoption. Causes While many of the factors that contribute to postnatal depression in biological mothers may be missing, such as hormonal changes and anxiety […]
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A majority of fungal infections are cutaneous, i.e. affecting only the upper layers of the skin without causing severe illness. Primary etiological agents are Candida fungi, Malassezia furfur and dermatophytic molds from the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. For many years infections caused by fungi were regarded more as a nuisance rather than life-threatening; nevertheless, when fungal infections become systemic […]
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The primary treatment for most eyelid tumors involves surgical excision or other forms of surgical removal. The type of surgical procedure chosen depends upon: The type of cancer (squamous cell carcinomas require a larger margin of excision and possibly adjuvant therapy, compared to basal cell carcinomas) The tumor characteristics: Size Location Stage Primary or recurrent nature of the tumor Surgical […]
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